Know Acute Pancreatitis

Acute Pancreatitis Causes
Gallstones and Alcohol are two major risk factors for acute pancreatitis. In few cases no cause is identified that is called as idiopathic pancreatitis. Rare causes are toxins, drugs, raised serum calcium level, hypertriglyceridemia., annular pancreas, choledochal cyst


Acute Pancreatitis Symptoms
Pain upper abdomen radiating to back is the most common symptom of acute pancreatitis. Nausea and vomiting are common. Patient may develop respiratory distress and decreased urine output
Acute Pancreatitis Diagnosis
Raised serum and amylase level with typical pain abdomen is sufficient for diagnosis. CECT abdomen is done when there is doubt of diagnosis. If there is no doubt about diagnosis then CECT abdomen is done after 72 hrs of abdomen pain. Pancreatic necrosis if there develop till 72 hrs. CECT also show other peri-pancreatic complications
Acute Pancreatitis Treatment
The main stay of treatment is symptomatic and supportive. I.V fluids and Oxygen therapy is given. Patient is encouraged for oral intake if there is no vomiting. TPN should be started if persistent vomiting. Nasojejunal feed can be started. There is no role for prophylactic antibiotic

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Pancreatic Cancer Jaundice Treatment

Before knowing pancreatic cancer jaundice treatment it is important to know its cause in pancreatic cancer. Pancreatic mass located in the head of pancreas cause jaundice by direct compression over the CBD. Pancreatic cancer in the body and tail region of pancreas can also cause jaundice by lymph nodal mass causing compression at the hepatoduodenal ligament
Cause of Pancreatic Cancer Jaundice
The terminal part of CBD (Common Bile Duct) passes through the head of pancreas.The cancer located at this part causes external compression on the CBD which leads to jaundice.It is associated with passage of pale colored stools, pruritus, anorexia and weight loss.When patient is investigated for such symptoms he is found to have mass in the head of pancreas with bile duct dilatation
Definitive Surgery for Pancreatic Cancer Jaundice Treatment
If the tumor is resectable high bilirubin level in these patients is not a contraindication for surgery. Pancreatic cancer jaundice treatment in these patients is definitive surgical procedure that is whipple procedure or Pancreatico-duodenectomy
What are indications for Pre-operative biliary drainage in these patients to lower down the bilirubin level. Indications are if the patient have fever/bilirubin level more than 20/ pt not fit for surgery in view of malnutrition. Pre-operative ERC with biliary stenting is done. once the pt is fit for surgery definitive surgery is done Palliative Surgery for Pancreatic Cancer Jaundice Treatment
If the tumor is found to be unresectable intra-operatively then palliative biliary bypass is done most commonly choledocho-jejunostomy is done. Cholecysto-jejunostomy is also an option in these patients.It is combined with gastro-jejunostomy as these patients have gastric outlet obstruction also
Palliative Endoscopic therapy for Pancreatic Cancer Jaundice Treatment
If the pancreatic cancer is unresectable or metastatic then endoscopic therapy for palliation of jaundice is ERC with biliary stenting. Metallic stent is placed instead of plastic stent which has got long life

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